ABSTRACT Soil maps provide a method for graphically communicating what is known about the spatial distribution of soil properties in nature. We proposed an optimized pipeline, named dino-soil toolbox, programmed in the R software for mapping quantitative and categorical properties of legacy soil data. The pipeline, composed of four main modules (data preprocessing, covariates selection, exploratory data analysis and modeling), was tested across a study area of 14,537 km 2 located between the departments of Cesar and Magdalena, Colombia. We assessed the feasibility of the toolbox to model three soil properties: pH at two depth intervals (0.00-0.30 and 0.30-1.00 m), soil taxonomy (great group) and taxonomic family by particle-size, according to a set of 25 environmental factors derived from auxiliary layers of climate, land cover and terrain. As a result, we successfully deployed the proposed semi-automatic and sequential pipeline, yielding rapid digital soil mapping (DSM) outputs across the study area. By providing multiple outputs such as tables, charts, maps, and geospatial data in four main modules, the pipeline offers considerable robustness to support outcomes and analysis of a DSM project. Future studies might be interesting to expand on further machine learning frameworks for predictive modeling of soil properties such as ensembles and deep learning models, which have shown a high performance for DSM.

RESUMEN El levante o headstarting es una estrategia de recuperación para poblaciones de tortugas marinas donde los neonatos son mantenidos en cautiverio por períodos de unos pocos meses hasta alrededor de un año de edad. Para ello, los nidos son transferidos desde playas de anidación, con porcentajes bajos de éxito de eclosión, hasta viveros controlados; o los neonatos son colectados al momento de la eclosión para su traslado a acuarios. Abastecer a las tortuguillas de dietas nutricionalmente adecuadas es fundamental para asegurar su óptimo desarrollo en cautiverio. Sin embargo, conlleva costos económicos muy elevados. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de dos alimentos de uso común en acuicultura en el crecimiento de juveniles de tortuga carey (Eretmochelys imbricata), alimentadas a saciedad dos veces al día, entre el sexto y décimo mes de edad. Los individuos alimentados con un concentrado con base en harina de pescado (n = 20), exhibieron una masa corporal promedio y tasas de crecimiento en talla (largo recto del caparazón recto, SCL) de 2.45 ± 1.39 g.día-1 y 0.04 ± 0.02 cm.día-1, respectivamente. Las tortugas alimentadas con un pellet a base de harina de calamar (n = 13), mostraron tasas de crecimiento de 3.35 ± 1.11 g. día-1 y 0.04 ± 0,01 cm.día-1. Las diferencias observadas son relacionadas con la poca avidez de los especímenes por estos alimentos, a su vez, relacionadas con sus características físicas, en particular, el tamaño, la capacidad de flotación y la palatabilidad de los granos. Sin embargo, la presencia de aminoácidos esenciales y vitaminas en estos compuestos, junto a su bajo costo, permiten sugerir el uso de alimentos comerciales como un suplemento complementario en la dieta de tortugas marinas en cautiverio.

ABSTRACT Headstarting is a recovery strategy for sea turtle populations. It requires captive handling of hatchlings, which are transferred from nesting beaches with low percentages of hatching success. Providing adequate nutritional resources for hatchlings is costly but important, as it influences growth rates of young turtles. Assessing the potential of commercial diets as option for promoting healthy growth and reducing the costs of maintenance for captive Hawksbill Turtles, we evaluated the viability of two commercial feeds on the growth rates of the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). We fed turtles to satiation twice a day between the sixth and tenth month of age. Individuals fed with fish flour meal (n=20) exhibited average body mass and straight carapace length (SCL) growth rates of 2.45±1.39 g.day-1 and 0.04±0.02 cm.day-1, respectively. The turtles fed with squid flour meal (n =13) displayed growth rates of 3.35±1.11 g.day-1 and 0.04±0.01 cm.day-1. These differences, associated with the low avidity of the specimens for these pellets, may be due to the food characteristics, particularly the size, flotation capability and palatability of the food. However, the presence of amino acids and vitamins in these compounds, and their low cost, can make them viable as a supplementary item suggesting the use of commercial foods only as a dietary supplement.

The relationship between climatic periods and intensity of 2 upwelling cores located in the Colombian Caribbean from the time analysis of climatic indicators and sea surface temperature (SST) for the period 1990-2009 were analyzed. Four climatic seasons are described for this region with differences and similarities between points located in front of the Guajira Peninsula and Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT). Spectral analysis of the Ekman transport and differences of SST with the furthest points of the coast estimates, as indicators of the wind stress and the magnitude of the upwelling along the studied period, allow establishing a direct correspondence between the season and the upwelling regime. In the case of surface water off the Guajira Peninsula, there are some oscillations periods that not correspond with wind regime in the area. These oscillations could be influenced by the behavior of the Caribbean Current and/or upwelling cores off Venezuela and/or Trinidad and Tobago. According to the spectral and descriptive analysis applied to ERA Interim data, these reflect well the behavior of the climate in the area, despite their low temporal and spatial resolution.

Se analizó la relación entre las épocas climáticas y la intensidad de 2 centros de surgencia localizados en el Caribe colombiano a partir del análisis temporal de indicadores climáticos y la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM), para el período 1990-2009. Se describen 4 épocas climáticas en la región con diferencias y similitudes entre puntos localizados frente a la Península de la Guajira y en cercanías del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT). El análisis espectral de las estimaciones de transporte de Ekman y diferencias de TSM, con los puntos más alejados de la costa, como indicadores del esfuerzo del viento y la magnitud de los afloramientos a lo largo del período estudiado, indica una correspondencia directa entre la época climática y el régimen de surgencia. En el caso de las aguas superficiales frente a la Península de la Guajira, se encuentran períodos de oscilación en la TSM distintos al régimen de vientos en la zona. Estas oscilaciones podrían estar influenciadas por el comportamiento de la corriente del Caribe y/o focos de surgencia frente a Venezuela y/o Trinidad y Tobago. De acuerdo al análisis espectral y descriptivo realizado a los datos de ERA Interim, estos reflejan bien el comportamiento del clima en la zona, a pesar de su baja resolución temporal y espacial.